Phosphorus Dendrimer Synthesis Service
One of the main advantages of phosphorus-containing dendrimers over other types of dendrimers is that 31P NMR can be used to monitor the synthesis process and assess the integrity of the reaction, and their purity can be determined. As the world's leading provider of custom services, CD BioSciences has the advanced equipment and experienced scientists to offer you phosphorus dendrimer synthesis services.
Overview of Phosphorus Dendrimers
Dendrimers are hyperbranched and monodisperse macromolecules, consisting of branching identical units arranged around a central core, and are considered a special class of polymers. However, unlike polymers, they are not synthesized by polymerization reactions, but rather by stepwise synthesis. And during the synthesis of dendrimers, a new generation is obtained with each new branching point layer created, and the higher the number of generations, the larger the dendrite. Most dendrimers are based on organic molecules connected by nitrogen atoms at branching points, such as PAMAM and PPI dendrimers, however dendrimers with other inorganic elements (e.g., silicon or phosphorus) as branching points have also been synthesized very early. Phosphine is a well-known ligand in coordination chemistry, especially for catalysis.
Many different types of phosphorus-containing dendrimers have now been synthesized. One of the main advantages of phosphorus-containing dendrimers over other types of dendrimers is that 31P NMR can be used to monitor the synthesis process and assess the integrity of the reaction, and their purity can be determined. The most studied types of phosphorus dendrimers are currently based on the phosphorhydrazone linkage O-C6H4-CH=N-N(Me)P(S). These phosphorus hydrazone dendrimers have been used in many different fields, especially for catalysis, nanomaterial fabrication and biology.
The structure of phosphorus dendrimers and linear representation. (Caminade AM, et al., 2021)
Synthesis of Phosphorus Dendrimers
It is well known that the basic methods used for dendrimer synthesis include divergent, convergence and click chemistry. A few phosphorus dendrimers consist only of phosphorus at branching points, but others are synthesized by methods that have phosphorus at every step (with the help of tricoordinated phosphorus derivatives) on top of the basic synthetic methods based on dendrimers. Among the most important synthetic methods are alkylation of phosphorus, the use of phosphoramidites followed by oxidation, and Staudinger reaction of phosphorus with azides. The last two methods are the most widely used and have great potential.
- Alkylation of Phosphorus
The core and branching units of the first phosphorus-containing dendrimer were derived from tris (p-methoxymethylphenyl) phosphine, a quaternary ammonium salt based on each branching point. The specific steps are, first, to obtain successive generations of products by treating benzyl alkyl ethers with iodotrimethylsilane. The second step is the quaternization of tris (p-methoxymethyl phenyl) phosphine with benzylic iodide to obtain a subsequent generation.
Alkylation of Phosphorus. (Caminade AM, et al., 2021)
- The Use of Phosphoramidites
Phosphoramidite reagents are the origin of dramatic development of automated synthesis of DNA fragments from a solid matrix, and their discovery revolutionized biology and medicine. However, although the synthesis method based on phosphoramidite reagent is perfectly suitable for the growth of linear strands of DNA fragments, some adjustments at the level of phosphoramidite reagent are needed to be applicable to the synthesis of dendrimers.
The Use of Phosphoramidites. (Caminade AM, et al., 2021)
- The Staudinger Reaction
The Staudinger reaction is a very clean reaction between a phosphine and an azide, producing only N2 as a by-product. However, the P=N produced by this reaction is very sensitive to water and can be easily cleaved to generate primary amines and phosphine oxide. So, when using the Staudinger reaction to synthesize phosphorus dendrimers, one first needs to find a way to stabilize the P=N function.
Our Services
CD BioSciences offers a wide range of chemical synthesis methods for the synthesis of phosphorus dendrimers and guarantee that all deliverables are subjected to rigorous quality testing and delivered on time to ensure quality and reliability.
What We Provide
Service Process
As a rapidly growing, leading global provider of scientific research services and solutions, CD BioSciences is committed to helping our customers meet the growing and evolving demand for dendrimer products. We offer services for the synthesis of a variety of dendrimers such as PAMAM dendrimers, PPI dendrimers, CBS dendrimers, sulfonimide-based dendrimers, and phosphorus dendrimers. If you are interested in our services or have any other questions, please feel free to contact us, we would be happy to hear from you and look forward to working with you.
Reference
- Caminade AM., et al. The Usefulness of Trivalent Phosphorus for the Synthesis of Dendrimers. Molecules. 2021, 26:269-299.
For research use only. Not for clinical use.
