According to statistics, gastric cancer ranks fifth in the incidence of malignant tumors in the world, and ranks third in mortality. In recent years, the incidence of gastric cancer has increased year by year, and the social burden and health economic expenditure burden have also increased. Surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is currently the main method for the treatment of gastric cancer. However, due to the hidden early symptoms of gastric cancer, most of them are diagnosed in the middle and late stages, and the 5-year survival rate is still less than 20%. The widespread resistance to chemotherapy drugs is also one of the main reasons for poor efficacy. Precision medicine is a new model of tumor diagnosis and treatment, which has been widely used in various fields of medicine. At present, the application of gene-based targeted therapy is gradually increasing, and oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes play an important role in the targeted therapy of gastric cancer. Therefore, in order to discover effective therapeutic targets for gastric cancer as soon as possible, in-depth exploration of molecular mechanisms is essential. CD BioSciences provides precise gastric cancer tissue in vivo transfection services to facilitate research on the molecular functions of gastric cancer-related genes.

Target Genes Delivered In Vivo in Stomach Cancer

Through years of continuous development and research of molecular biology techniques, HER-2, PIK3CA, KRAS, ERBB3, FAT1 and other mutant genes have been discovered in stomach cancer

Figure 1. Future perspectives for gastric cancer (GC) in east Asia in the upcoming H. pylori-negative era. (Katoh H, et al.; 2021)

HER-2

Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) is located at 17q21, and the mutation rate is 6.1%-23.0%. Increased expression of HER-2 can activate the downstream signaling pathway phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (PKB / Akt) / mammalian target of rapamycin protein (mTOR) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, inhibit tumor cell apoptosis, promote tumor angiogenesis, and enhance tumor cell invasion. Clinical studies have shown that the positive rate of HER-2 is higher in gastric adenocarcinoma patients with distant metastases, intestinal type by Lauren's classification, and moderately and well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma, which has nothing to do with the patient's age, tumor size and location. HER-2 is one of the important members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors play an important role in the individualized treatment of gastric cancer, and may be one of the targeted genes with great potential in targeted therapy of gastric cancer.

PIK3CA

Phosphatidylinositol3-kinase catalytic alpha (PIK3CA) is located at 3q26.3, with a mutation rate of 10%. After mutation, it activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, inhibits apoptosis, and enhances the invasion ability and distant metastasis ability of cancer cells. Compared with other types of gastric cancer, PIK3CA mutation was significantly elevated in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer, and was positively correlated with T stage and tumor invasion degree. PIK3CA mutations often occur in exons 9 and 20, and the 5-year survival rates are 0 and 80%, respectively.

KRAS

Kirsten rat sarcoma viraloncogene (KRAS) located in 12p12.1. It is a downstream factor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. KRAS mutation can lead to uncontrolled activation of RAS protein. RAS protein is located in the cell membrane and regulates cell growth, proliferation, movement, migration and angiogenesis. KRAS mutation will significantly increase the invasiveness of gastric cancer. The expression of KRAS was higher in Lauren type intestinal type and female gastric cancer patients, the common mutation sites were G12V, G13D, G12S, G12D and G12A, compared with other sites, the survival time of patients with mutations in G12V was longer Short, poor prognosis.

ERBB3

Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase (ERBB3), also known as HER-3, is located at 12q13, and belongs to the EGFR family with ERBB2. ERBB3 plays a role in activating a series of complex signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and RAS/RAF/MAPK. As a promoter of tumorigenesis, ERBB3 gene is significantly correlated with the aggressiveness and prognosis of gastric cancer. Studies have shown that ERBB3 gene is highly expressed in intestinal type gastric cancer classified by Lauren, indicating that it can promote the occurrence of intestinal type gastric cancer. When ERBB3 was co-overexpressed with ERBB1, it was significantly correlated with tumor size, macroscopic features, tumor differentiation, tumor stage, and recurrence, and could predict patient survival.

FAT1

Fat atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1), located at 4q35.2, is a calcium ion-dependent adhesion factor that belongs to the type I transmembrane protein FAT family, participates in the regulation of cell growth, migration and adhesion, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors.

The role of FAT1 gene in different tumors is different. In esophageal cancer, FAT1 gene acts as a tumor suppressor gene, while in gastric cancer it acts as a carcinogen. Studies have shown that the FAT1 gene is mainly involved in the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells, and the higher the expression level, the worse the prognosis.

In addition to the above genes, there are interesting stomach cancer -related genes that need to be explored and studied. Therefore, there is a need for an in vivo transfection system that can precisely target stomach cancer tissue and be taken up by tumor cells to function in vivo. The system can help researchers overcome various challenges encountered during in vivo transfection:

• Relevant molecular function studies can only be carried out in vitro, lacking important in vivo data
• Using in vitro transfection system for in vivo transfection, the transfection efficiency is very low;
• The in vivo transfection system used is not specific to stomach cancer tissues and cells, and is toxic to the body;
• The in vivo transfection system used cannot penetrate the stomach cancer tissue into the tumor tissue;
• The nucleic acid load of the in vivo transfection system is low, and it is difficult to achieve the expected effect;
• Etc…

Our Advantage:

• We can provide an in vivo transfection system for stomach cancer tissues and cells to achieve efficient transfection
• Our system can target multiple targets at the same time, improving targeting accuracy
• The in vivo transfection system has low toxicity to the body and is safe to use
• In vivo transfection system vectors can protect nucleic acids from degradation during in vivo delivery
• Persistent knockout effect in experimental animals after a single injection
• The system load is high, and the transfection needs of different doses can be completed
• Professional design and service team to provide you with reliable service and technical support
• Timely feedback of technical reports

CD BioSciences specializes in developing transfection systems and customizing transfection reagents for gene transfection using our core technologies. With our high-quality products and services, your transfection results can be greatly improved. If you can't find a perfect in vivo transfection system, you can contact us. We can provide one-to-one personal customization service.

Reference

1. Serra O, et al.; Comparison and applicability of molecular classifications for gastric cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2019, 77: 29-34．
2. Shim JH, et al.; The effect of Helicobacter pylori CagA on the HER-2 copy number and expression in gastric cancer. Gene. 2014, 546(2): 288-296．
3. Ibarrola-Villava M, et al.; Deregulation of ARID1A, CDH1, cMET and PIK3CA and targetrelated microRNA expression in gastric cancer. Oncotarget. 2015, 6(29): 26935-26945.
4. Karapetis CS,et al.; K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008, 359(17):1757-1765．
5. Shi Y, et al.; SNP rs3202538 in 3'UTR region of ErbB3 regulated by miR-204 and miR-211 promote gastric cancer development in Chinese population. Cancer Cell Int. 2017, 17: 81．
6. Katoh H, Ishikawa S. Lifestyles, genetics, and future perspectives on gastric cancer in east Asian populations. J Hum Genet. 2021, 66(9):887-899.

* For research use only. Not for use in clinical diagnosis or treatment of humans or animals.