Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. In most parts of the world, the incidence and mortality of liver cancer in men are 2 to 3 times higher than in women. Among them, male liver cancer ranks fifth in the global incidence of male malignant tumors, and ranks second in terms of mortality. It can be seen that liver cancer, as an important disease, not only brings serious harm to the life and health of patients, but also brings a heavy burden to the society. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the molecular mechanism of liver cancer in order to find effective drugs for the treatment of liver cancer as soon as possible. CD BioSciences provides precise in vivo transfection services of liver cancer to assist in the study of the molecular functions of liver cancer-related genes.

Target Genes Delivered in vivo in Liver Cancer

Through bioinformatics analysis, compared with normal tissues, genes such as KIF20A, RRM2, CCNB1, NUF2, TOP2A, MELK, ASPM, DLGAP5, KIF4A, and TTK were abnormally expressed in liver cancer. Among them, KIF4A, KIF20A, DLGAP5 and NUF2 are less studied.

Figure 1. General depiction of the main molecular alterations and functional hallmarks involved in the development of preneoplastic (foci) and neoplastic (adenomas and carcinomas) lesions in widely-applied chemically induced models in mice. (Romualdo GR, et al.; 2021)

KIF4A is a member of the kinesin family, which plays an important role in the process of chromosome condensation and separation, the formation of the spindle, and the transport of intracellular macromolecules. Abnormal expression of KIF4A can induce abnormal separation of the spindle and lead to Formation of aneuploid daughters. Many studies have shown that the expression of KIF4A is up-regulated in many tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and colorectal cancer. Studies have found that KIF4A is highly expressed in liver cancer, and its expression level is significantly correlated with tumor size, distant metastasis and T stage of liver cancer.

KIF20A is also a member of the kinesin family. It was first found in the Golgi apparatus, and it is closely related to the mitosis process of the cell cycle. It is abnormally expressed in various tumors such as pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, and glioma. Studies have also shown that KIF20A is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, and the expression level of this gene is related to the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

DLGAP5 is a cell cycle-related protein that participates in the formation of centromeres during mitosis and is the key to the formation of bipolar spindles. Its abnormal location will affect the formation of mitotic spindles and cause cell movement defects. Studies have shown that the expression of DLGAP5 is increased in tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of these tumors. Moreover, the high expression of DLGAP5 is also associated with non-small cell The poor prognosis of patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and other tumors is closely related. It can be seen that the potential of DLGAP5 as a new biomarker for tumor prognosis assessment may continue to be further explored.

The cell division-related gene NUF2 is an important component of the NDC80 complex, which can participate in the kinetochore-microtubule adhesion during mitosis, stabilize the centromere and ensure the correct separation of chromosomes, thereby ensuring the normal progress of mitosis. NUF2 expression in tumors is abnormal, motor proteins cannot form spindle microtubule attachments, and spindle assembly checkpoints cannot be activated, so that chromosomes cannot be segregated correctly. Cell mitosis is abnormal, and eventually cell death occurs. Studies have found that NUF2 is highly expressed in human malignant tumors such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, glioma, and osteosarcoma, and knocking down the NUF2 gene can slow down tumor growth and inhibit tumor cell proliferation.

In addition to the above genes, there are interesting liver cancer-related genes that need to be explored and studied. Therefore, there is a need for an in vivo transfection system that can precisely target liver cancer tissue and be taken up by tumor cells to function in vivo. The system can help researchers overcome various challenges encountered during in vivo transfection:

• Relevant molecular function studies can only be carried out in vitro, lacking important in vivo data
• Using in vitro transfection system for in vivo transfection, the transfection efficiency is very low;
• The in vivo transfection system used is not specific to Liver cancer tissues and cells, and is toxic to the body;
• The in vivo transfection system used cannot penetrate the Liver cancer tissue into the tumor tissue;
• The nucleic acid load of the in vivo transfection system is low, and it is difficult to achieve the expected effect;
• Etc…

Our Advantage:

• We can provide an in vivo transfection system for Liver cancer tissues and cells to achieve efficient transfection
• Our system can target multiple targets at the same time, improving targeting accuracy
• The in vivo transfection system has low toxicity to the body and is safe to use
• In vivo transfection system vectors can protect nucleic acids from degradation during in vivo delivery
• Persistent knockout effect in experimental animals after a single injection
• The system load is high, and the transfection needs of different doses can be completed
• Professional design and service team to provide you with reliable service and technical support
• Timely feedback of technical reports

CD BioSciences specializes in developing transfection systems and customizing transfection reagents for gene transfection using our core technologies. With our high-quality products and services, your transfection results can be greatly improved. If you can't find a perfect in vivo transfection system, you can contact us. We can provide one-to-one personal customization service.

References

1. Hou G, et al.; Upregulate KIF4A enhances proliferation,invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma and indicates poor prognosis across human cancer types. Sci Rep. 2017, 7(1): 4148.
2. Lu M, et al.; Aberrant KIF20A expression might independently predict poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. IUBMB Life. 2018,70(4):328-335.
3. LIU R, et al.; Network-based approach to identify prognostic biomarkers for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treatment with tamoxifen. Cancer Biol Ther. 2015,16(2):317-24.
4. Hayama S, et al.; Activation of CDCA1-KNTC2, members of centromere protein complex, involved in pulmonary carcinogenesis. Cancer Research. 2006, 66(21):10339-10348.
5. Romualdo GR, et al.; In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Strategies for Translational Modeling. Cancers (Basel). 2021, 13(21):5583.

* For research use only. Not for use in clinical diagnosis or treatment of humans or animals.