Laryngeal carcinoma (aryngeal carcinoma) is a common primary epithelial malignant tumor of the head and neck, accounting for 5.7%-7.6% of all malignant tumors in the whole body. The etiology of laryngeal cancer is complex, and its main causes include smoking, alcoholism, human papillomavirus infection, laryngopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux.

Target Genes Delivered in vivo in Laryngeal Cancer

Studies have found that many genes are related to the occurrence, development, metastasis and prognosis of laryngeal cancer, such as Ccbel, EGFR, COX-2, Survivin, VEGF, ST4T3, PDCD5, c-myc, pl6, p53, EMP-1, Cyclin DI and JabI and other genes. To advance the study of these related genes, we provide in vivo targeted transfection services for these genes.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of multilevel interactions between extracellular molecular mediators of LSCC. (Falco M, et al.; 2022)

EGFR Gene

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the expression product of proto-oncogene and is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a relative molecular mass of 17000. It plays an important role in cell derivation, angiogenesis, tumor cell metastasis and apoptosis inhibition. Its action pathway is to initiate a series of intracellular signaling cascades through EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, and finally activate related nuclear proteins to promote cells from G phase to S phase, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of tumors. A large number of studies have shown that EGFR is overexpressed in breast cancer, head and neck cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer and prostate cancer, and is closely related to the occurrence and proliferation of tumors. At present, the research on the role of EGFR gene in laryngeal cancer has also received extensive attention. A large number of studies have found that EGFR protein is highly expressed in laryngeal cancer tissues. The gene therapy strategy to specifically downregulate EGFR expression by RNA interference technology also opens up a new field for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.

COX-2 Gene

Cyclooxygenase is the key rate-limiting enzyme that decomposes arachidonic acid and catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandins. COX-2 is a subtype of cyclooxygenase. COX-2 gene is called "fast response gene", it is not expressed at rest, but can be rapidly synthesized when stimulated by cytokines, growth factors and cancer-promoting agents. In addition to participating in inflammation, COX-2 is also closely related to tumorigenesis. The mechanism of COX-2 is mainly achieved by promoting tumor cell proliferation and inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and increasing tumor cell invasion and migration ability. In the study of laryngeal cancer, some researchers found that COX-2 mRNA was significantly expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and the positive expression rate of COX-2 in patients with laryngeal cancer was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues.

Survivin Gene

Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (iIAP) family members play important roles in tumorigenesis and development. Survivin is a member of the IAP family, which can inhibit apoptosis and regulate cell division, and can be expressed in a variety of common malignant tumors. A large number of studies have proved that apoptosis inhibition due to Survivin can inhibit the apoptosis of normal cells in tumor tissues and cause abnormal cell proliferation, which leads to the occurrence and development of tumors, and has an important impact on the prognosis of tumor patients. The study found that the expression of Survivin in laryngeal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues. This suggests that the Survivin gene is a potential target for laryngeal cancer therapy.

VEGF Gene

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic growth factor. It is a positive regulator in the process of tumor angiogenesis, which can promote the division and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, induce the formation of new blood vessels, increase vascular permeability, and promote the growth of lymphatic endothelial cells.  Most tumor cells themselves, tumor-infiltrating macrophages, and mast cells secrete high levels of VEGF.  Studies have confirmed that VEGF is ubiquitously expressed in breast cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, primary adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract and other tumors.  The study found that both VEGF and microvessel density (MVD) were highly expressed in laryngeal cancer group, and the expression level of VEGF was positively correlated with the expression of MVD in cancer tissue.

In addition to the above genes, there are interesting laryngeal cancer-related genes that need to be explored and studied. Therefore, there is a need for an in vivo transfection system that can precisely target laryngeal cancer tissue and be taken up by tumor cells to function in vivo. The system can help researchers overcome various challenges encountered during in vivo transfection:

• Relevant molecular function studies can only be carried out in vitro, lacking important in vivo data
• Using in vitro transfection system for in vivo transfection, the transfection efficiency is very low;
• The in vivo transfection system used is not specific to laryngeal cancer tissues and cells, and is toxic to the body;
• The in vivo transfection system used cannot penetrate the laryngeal cancer tissue into the tumor tissue;
• The nucleic acid load of the in vivo transfection system is low, and it is difficult to achieve the expected effect;
• Etc…

Our Advantage:

• We can provide an in vivo transfection system for laryngeal cancer tissues and cells to achieve efficient transfection
• Our system can target multiple targets at the same time, improving targeting accuracy
• The in vivo transfection system has low toxicity to the body and is safe to use
• In vivo transfection system vectors can protect nucleic acids from degradation during in vivo delivery
• Persistent knockout effect in experimental animals after a single injection
• The system load is high, and the transfection needs of different doses can be completed
• Professional design and service team to provide you with reliable service and technical support
• Timely feedback of technical reports

CD BioSciences specializes in developing transfection systems and customizing transfection reagents for gene transfection using our core technologies. With our high-quality products and services, your transfection results can be greatly improved. If you can't find a perfect in vivo transfection system, you can contact us. We can provide one-to-one personal customization service.

Reference

1. Falco M, et al.; Overview on Molecular Biomarkers for Laryngeal Cancer: Looking for New Answers to an Old Problem. Cancers (Basel). 2022, 14(7):1716.

* For research use only. Not for use in clinical diagnosis or treatment of humans or animals.