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Recombinant Rat RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt2)
SPP-00161
| Size | Price |
| 20 μg | Online Inquiry |
| 100 μg | Online Inquiry |
| 500 μg | Online Inquiry |
| Target Information | |
|---|---|
| Species | Rattus norvegicus |
| Target Name | Akt |
| UniProt No. | P47197 |
| Subcellular Location | Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell membrane, Peripheral membrane protein, Early endosome |
| Gene Abbr. | Akt2 |
| Full Name | AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 |
| Introduction | Akt, also referred to as PKB or Rac, plays a critical role in controlling survival and apoptosis. Three highly homologous members define the Akt family: Akt1 (PKB alpha), Akt2 (PKB beta), and Akt3 (PKB gamma). This protein kinase is activated by insulin and various growth and survival factors to function in a wortmannin-sensitive pathway involving PI3 kinase. Akt is activated by phospholipid binding and activation loop phosphorylation at Thr308 by PDK1 and by phosphorylation within the carboxy terminus at Ser473. The previously elusive PDK2 responsible for phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 has been identified as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a rapamycin-insensitive complex with rictor and Sin1. Akt promotes cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis through phosphorylation and inactivation of several targets, including Bad forkhead transcription factors c-Raf and caspase-9. PTEN phosphatase is a major negative regulator of the PI3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway. LY294002 is a specific PI3 kinase inhibitor. Another essential Akt function is the regulation of glycogen synthesis through phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3α and β. Akt may also play a role in insulin stimulation of glucose transport. In addition to its role in survival and glycogen synthesis, Akt is involved in cell cycle regulation by preventing GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of cyclin D1 and by negatively regulating the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p27 Kip1 and p21 Waf1/Cip1. Akt also plays a critical role in cell growth by directly phosphorylating mTOR in a rapamycin-sensitive complex containing raptor. More importantly, Akt phosphorylates and inactivates tuberin (TSC2), an inhibitor of mTOR within the mTOR-raptor complex.Mutation of the glutamic acid at residue 17 to lysine (E17K) of Akt was initially identified in human breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancers. This conserved glutamic acid residue is located at the lipid-binding pocket of the Akt1 plextrin homology domain. The E17K mutation increases the affinity between Akt1 and phospholipids at the plasma membrane, leading to increased Akt1 recruitment, super-activation of the Akt pathway, cellular transformation, and tumor formation. Additional studies detect the presence of the Akt1 (E17K) mutation in multiple cancers, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, and endometrial carcinoma. The presence of mutant Akt3 (E17K) protein has also been seen in cases of melanoma. |
| Product Details | |
|---|---|
| Product Type | Recombinant Protein |
| Storage & Handling | |
|---|---|
| Storage Temp. | Store at -20 °C upon receipt unless otherwise instructed. |
| Handling | Aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. |
For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use. No products from CD BioSciences may be resold, modified for resale or used to manufacture commercial products without prior written approval from CD BioSciences.