The WHIRLY protein is a multifunctional DNA/ rna binding protein (Prikryl et al. 2008, NAR 36:5152-5165). Studies have shown that WHIRLY1 is present in both chloroplasts and nuclei (Grabowski et al. 2008, Plant Physiology 147:1800-1804). In chloroplasts, it is part of the nucleoid (Pfalz et al. 2006, Plant Cell 18:176-197; Melonek et al. 2010, plant 232:471-481). In the nucleus, WHIRLY1 is an activator of pathogen response genes (Desveaux et al. 2000, Plant Cell 12:1477-1489). WHIRLY2 is a mitochondrial protein that affects DNA copy number (Cai et al. 2015, Plant Physiology 169:660-673).
For research use only, not for clinical use.