Plant Antiviral Protein Function Analysis Service

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Plant Antiviral Protein Function Analysis Service

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Plant virus infections cause huge economic losses in agricultural production. Most of the infected plants are RNA viruses, mostly containing tRNA-like structures. Viruses infecting plant cells release genetic material that occupies protein synthesis tools within the plant cell to synthesize large amounts of virus. As a result, the plant produces corresponding inhibitory proteins, such as ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) that block ribosome translation, thus preventing the virus from utilizing the plant cell to synthesize its capsid proteins and continue to infect other cells.

Figure 1. Antiviral innate immunity in plants. – CD BioSciences Figure 1. Antiviral innate immunity in plants. (Calil IP, Fontes EPB. 2017)

CD BioSciences has extensive experience in plant adversity biology. We provide research services on the function of plant antiviral proteins, including protein preparation, structural analysis, antiviral activity testing, enzyme activity assays, and analysis of antiviral mechanisms. Our services provide a theoretical foundation for breeding crops for disease resistance.

Service Content

Plant Antiviral Proteins Preparation Service

We provide protein extraction and purification services from antiviral plant tissues or organs, including extraction of salt solution, ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, and gel chromatography. Then, we can measure its concentration using the spectrophotometer and identify its molecular weight or purity using SDS-PAGE.

Plant Antiviral Proteins Structural Analysis Service

Our services help clients to understand the three-dimensional structure of antiviral proteins. We provide high-resolution structural information through techniques such as

  • X-ray crystallography
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • Cryo-electron microscopy

Structural analysis elucidates the functional domains of the protein's antiviral activity, binding sites, or conformational changes, which can help further analysis of the action mechanism.

In Vitro Antiviral Test Service

We offer the half-leaf and pair-leaf methods based on localized spot counts. Our testing services target viruses that can infect plant leaves and can be used to

  • Determination of in vitro passivation of viruses by plant proteins.
    • Figure 2. Determination of in vitro passivation of viruses by plant proteins. – CD BioSciences
  • Determination of the effect of plant proteins on viral initial infection.

Analysis Service for Action Mechanism of Plant Antiviral Proteins

We combine artificial intelligence prediction and molecular genetic experiments to reveal plant antiviral protein functions and utilize gene silencing, transient expression, and transgenic plant virulence assays to validate mutant resistance. We also analyze the action mechanism of plant antiviral proteins, including

  • Mechanism analysis of obstructing virus movement.
  • Mechanism analysis of binding RNA.
  • Mechanism analysis of autophagy.
  • Mechanism analysis of affecting protein synthesis.
  • Mechanism analysis of accelerating protein degradation.

Enzyme Activity Assay Service

Most plant antiviral proteins function through enzymatic activity. Therefore, to provide our customers with a deeper understanding of the action mechanism of plant antiviral proteins, we offer enzyme activity assay services, such as

  • N-glycosidase activity assay.
  • Ribonucleases (RNase) activity assay.
  • DNase enzymatic activity assay.
  • Ribosome-inactivating proteins activity assay.
The types of proteins we can analyze Detail
Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) RIPs inhibit translation through enzymatic destruction of ribosomes, including three types.
Type 1, such as beetins, amaranthin, dianthin, bouganin、trichosanthin, etc.
Type 2, such as ricin, abrin, ebuin, Hm RIP, etc.
Type 3, such as JIP60
RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs) RBPs are involved in inhibiting the replication, movement, and translation of RNA viruses. Including PR10 proteins, glycine-rich RNA binding proteins, dsRNA binding proteins, etc.
Proteins acting through the RNA silencing Including DCLs, AGOs, RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs) containing AGOs, and RDRs.

CD BioSciences is a biotechnology company focused on plant protein research, providing a variety of related services and products for environmental and energy solutions. If you are interested in our services, please contact us for more details. 

References

  1. Calil IP, Fontes EPB. (2017). Plant immunity against viruses: antiviral immune receptors in focus. Ann Bot. 119(5):711-723.
  2. Choudhary N, et al. (2020). The role of enzymatic activities of antiviral proteins from plants for action against plant pathogens. 3 Biotech. 10(12):505.

For research use only, not for clinical use.