NCBI Accession #
NP_567658.1
NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #
NM_118352.3
NCBI Official Full Name
alternative oxidase protein IMMUTANS
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols
IM1; IMMUTANS; PLASTID TERMINAL OXIDASE; PTOX; T10I14.90; T10I14_90
NCBI Protein Information
alternative oxidase protein IMMUTANS
NCBI Summary
Similar to mitochondrial alternative oxidase. im mutants have a variegated phenotype and fail to differentiate chloroplasts in the majority of their cells under high light intensity continuous illumination. The white tissues of immutans accumulate phytoene, a non-colored C40 carotenoid intermediate. This suggests that immutans controls, either directly or indirectly, the activity of phytoene desaturase (PDS), the enzyme that converts phytoene to zeta-carotene in higher plants. However, im is not the structural gene for PDS. It is located in the lumenar face of the thylakoid membrane. IM is expressed ubiquitously in plant tissues.
UniProt Synonym Gene Names
IM; PTOX
UniProt Protein Name
Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic
UniProt Synonym Protein Names
Alternative oxidase 4; Plastid terminal oxidase; Protein IMMUTANS
UniProt Entry Name
AOX4_ARATH
UniProt Primary Accession #
Q56X52
UniProt Secondary Accession #
O49631; Q9SBA4; Q9ZSQ3
UniProt Related Accession #
Q56X52
UniProt Comments
Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain.